![]() Studies are planned to evaluate its deployment for ring-vaccination in an outbreak setting.ġ5. Even if the vaccine was tested and proved to be effective against SUDV, it would only provide protection some days after the second dose is administered. However, this multiantigen protection has not been demonstrated with clinical data. The first dose provides protection against the Zaire ebolavirus and the second dose was designed to provide protection against other species of the virus, including Sudan. This vaccine is administered on a two-dose schedule and requires 56 days between the two doses. The Johnson & Johnson (Janssen) vaccine, Zabdeno/Mvabea, has only been approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) against Zaire Ebola virus disease and has not been tested against SUDV. The vaccine rVSV-ZEBOV (ERVEBO®), while approved to protect against the Zaire strain of Ebola, does not provide cross protection against SUDV infection.ġ4. There are no licensed vaccines or therapeutics for the prevention and treatment of SVD. NPHL will provide laboratory support and guidelines for testing, including protocols for specimen transport, testing and reporting.ġ3. Diagnostic tests for SUDV should be performed only after discussion with MOH and the National Public Health Laboratory (NPHL) and samples can be sent to NPHL for diagnosis. Diagnosis in acute infection is primarily by detection of SUDV by PCR in blood specimens. All confirmed cases will be managed at the High-Level Isolation Unit (HLIU) in NCID.ġ2. MOH will provide further instructions on the management of the cases, including transfer of suspected cases to the National Centre for Infectious Diseases (NCID) on a case-by-case basis. All suspect cases of SVD should be notified to the Ministry of Health (MOH) immediately via the Surveillance Duty Officer. has had exposure to a confirmed or suspect case of SVD.ġ1. travel history to an area with reported SVD activity or outbreak (currently in Uganda), OR Fever (>38☌) or current history of fever.SVD should be suspected in an individual with: As the signs and symptoms for SVD are varied and non-specific, doctors should be alert to any traveller from SVD-affected regions with a febrile illness and should always ask for a travel history.ġ0. The diagnosis of SVD can be difficult, as early non-specific manifestation of the disease may mimic other infectious diseases. Symptoms of SVD are similar to the Ebola Virus Disease and can include sudden onset of fever, fatigue, muscle pain, headaches, sore throat, followed by vomiting, diarrhoea, rash, impaired kidney, liver functions and even internal and external bleeding.ĩ. People infected with SUDV cannot spread the disease until they develop symptoms, and they remain infectious as long as their blood contains the virus.Ĩ. ![]() The incubation period ranges from 2 to 21 days. Human-to-human transmission can occur through direct contact with blood, other bodily fluids or secretions from an infected person, including corpses or through direct contact with environments that have been contaminated with an SVD patient’s bodily fluids.ħ. Animal-to-human transmission may have occurred from close contact with contaminated tissues and bodily fluids of infected animals (ill or dead rainforest animals such as fruit bats, chimpanzees, gorillas, monkeys, forest antelope or porcupines). In the event of an importation, prompt recognition of suspected cases and infection control practices in healthcare institutions will mitigate the risks and prevent onward transmission.Ħ. The current Ebola disease outbreak in Uganda was declared on 20 September 2022 and is associated with SUDV, according to genomic sequencing confirmation of the index case.ĥ. At present, there are no licensed vaccines or therapeutics for the prevention and treatment of SVD.Ĥ. SVD (or Ebola disease caused by SUDV) is a severe, often fatal illness affecting humans with a Case Fatality Ratio (CFR) between 41-100% in past outbreaks. SUDV was first identified in southern Sudan in 1976 and has since been responsible for seven outbreaks (four in Uganda and three in Sudan). Outbreaks of Ebola disease caused by Sudan virus (SUDV) are also known as Sudan Virus Disease (SVD) outbreak.ģ. ![]() Following a change in the nomenclature and classification by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) for filoviruses in May 2019, Ebola disease is now sub-categorised depending on the causative virus. The Zaire, Sudan, Taï Forest and Bundibugyo species cause human disease, whereas Reston and Bombali viruses are non-pathogenic in human.Ģ. The genus Ebolavirus is divided into six species (Zaire, Sudan, Taï Forest, Bundibugyo, Reston and Bombali). Ebola virus is a single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Filoviridae family.
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